Bệnh truyền lây từ động vật sang người là bệnh hết sức nguy hiểm, đòi hỏi chúng ta phải hiểu biết và biện pháp phòng ngừa hữu hiệu. Trên thế giới có hơn 200 bệnh truyền lây từ động vật sang người đã được phát hiện, những bệnh này có thể được phân loại theo dạng và tác nhân gây bệnh như vi khuẩn, vi rút, ký sinh trùng, nấm hay các tác nhân truyền nhiễm khác.
Có nhiều nguyên nhân dẫn đến bệnh truyền lây từ động vật sang người, nhiễm trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp bao gồm hoạt động chăn nuôi, chăm sóc động vật, giết mổ động vật làm thực phẩm, sản phẩm từ động vật…Bệnh truyền lây từ động vật sang người hiện đang là mối quan tâm ngày càng lớn đối với sức khỏe con người, một số bệnh quan trọng như bệnh Dại, bệnh liên cầu khuẩn ở heo, các bệnh truyền qua thực phẩm, bệnh than và bệnh xoắn khuẩn.
Để phòng chống bệnh truyền lây từ động vật sang người cần thực hiện các biện pháp vệ sinh phòng bệnh như sau:
- Ăn thức ăn đã nấu chín: thực hiện ăn thức ăn được nấu chín, tránh ăn các loại thức ăn tái sống, nhất là các món ăn làm từ thịt sống như gỏi, tiết canh…để phòng tránh vi khuẩn, vi rút lây nhiễm trực tiếp từ động vật sang cơ thể người.
- Trong quá trình giết mổ, tiếp xúc trực tiếp với động vật khi giết mổ phải sử dụng các phương tiện bảo hộ như găng tay, khẩu trang, giày ủng và quần áo bảo hộ nhằm tránh nhiễm trực tiếp mầm bệnh sang người.
- Bảo quản tốt sản phẩm động vật sau giết mổ, tránh để nhiễm chất bẩn trong quá trình giết mổ, nhằm giảm nguy cơ vấy nhiễm và lây lan mầm bệnh.
- Tuyệt đối không ăn thịt động vật đã chết trước khi giết mổ: nhiều người vẫn có thói quen sử dụng thịt động vật ngay cả khi chúng đã chết, đây là nguyên nhân khiến các loại vi khuẩn, vi rút và mầm bệnh gây chết động vật lây nhiễm cho con người.
- Lựa chọn thực phẩm có nguồn gốc, đã qua kiểm dịch để bảo vệ sức khỏe cho cả gia đình và tránh mua phải thực phẩm không rõ nguồn gốc. Tránh sử dụng các đặc sản từ động vật hoang dã săn bắt được có thể ẩn chứa nhiều loại vi rút và mầm bệnh cho con người, thực tế đã cho thấy, những đại dịch gần đây đều có nguồn gốc từ các loại thịt động vật hoang dã.
- Rửa tay và vệ sinh cá nhân trước khi ăn luôn được các bác sĩ khuyến cáo để phòng tránh các loại dịch bệnh và bảo vệ sức khỏe cho con người. Vệ sinh trước khi ăn còn giúp ngăn ngừa các loại vi khuẩn lây qua đường tiêu hóa và tiêu diệt vi khuẩn có hại trước khi lây nhiễm trực tiếp vào thức ăn.
- Vệ sinh sạch sẽ môi trường xung quanh, giúp tiêu diệt các loài vật trung gian truyền bệnh như ruồi, muỗi, chuột bọ…
- Tiêm phòng đầy đủ các loại vắc xin cho đàn vật nuôi, để hạn chế dịch bệnh lây từ động vật sang người.
- Khi xuất hiện các triệu chứng nghi ngờ về bệnh truyền lây từ động vật sang người, cần sớm đến cơ quan Y tế để được hướng dẫn, điều trị, có biện pháp xử lý, không để bệnh lây lan, gây thiệt hại đến tính mạng con người và ảnh hưởng đến đời sống, kinh tế, xã hội của thành phố
Link nguồn: http://chicuccntyhcm.gov.vn/new/2020/06/12/Tuyen-truyen-Benh-truyen-lay-tu-dong-vat-sang-nguoi.aspx
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