Chăn nuôi nông hộ quy mô nhỏ, mức đầu tư thấp, chủ yếu chăn nuôi trong chuồng thông thoáng tự nhiên. Vì vậy chuồng trại thường xây dựng bằng các vật liệu rẻ tiền và sẵn có của địa phương, góp phần giảm chi phí đầu tư mà vẫn mang lại hiệu quả kinh tế cao cho người nuôi.
- Lựa chọn địa điểm
Địa điểm xây dựng chuồng trại phải phù hợp với quy hoạch tổng thể của khu vực và địa phương. Cách xa đường giao thông, khu dân cư, khu công nghiệp, công sở, trường học, khu chế biến sản phẩm chăn nuôi, bệnh viện, khu chăn nuôi khác và xa hệ thống kênh mương thoát nước thải của khu vực theo quy định. Ở cuối và cách xa nguồn nước sinh hoạt, có nguồn nước sạch và đủ trữ lượng cho chăn nuôi. Đảm bảo đủ diện tích và điều kiện xử lý chất thải, nước thải theo quy định. Mặt bằng phải đảm bảo diện tích về quy mô chăn nuôi, các khu phụ trợ khác (hành chính, cách ly, xử lý môi trường…).
- Bố trí khu chăn nuôi
Khu chăn nuôi phải ở đầu hướng gió. Có nhà tắm, thay quần áo cho người lao động trước khi vào khu chăn nuôi. Khu nuôi tân đáo, khu nuôi cách ly, xử lý gà ốm, chết, nơi chứa phân, bể xử lý chất thải bố trí ở cuối hướng gió và cách biệt với khu chăn nuôi chính. Nơi xuất bán gà nằm ở khu vực vành đai của trại, có lối đi riêng đảm bảo an toàn dịch bệnh. Bể chứa phân bố trí ở phía ngoài hàng rào của khu chăn nuôi, gần khu xử lý chất thải.
- Bố trí khu nhà xưởng và công trình
Kho chứa thức ăn, kho chứa thuốc thú y, thuốc sát trùng, kho chứa các dụng cụ chăn nuôi, xưởng cơ khí sửa chữa phải được bố trí riêng biệt với khu trại chăn nuôi gà và khu hành chính.
- Thiết kế chuồng trại
Chuồng trại có thể được xây dựng trong vườn, đồi của gia đình hoặc theo quy hoạch của địa phương. Tùy thuộc vào điều kiện kinh tế gia đình, diện tích mặt bằng mà có thiết kế cụ thể cho phù hợp. Tuy nhiên, cần đảm bảo những điều kiện sau:
Chuồng trại được xây dựng tách biệt với khu ở và sinh hoạt của con người. Chuồng thông thoáng tự nhiên nên làm theo hướng Đông Nam, trên vị trí cao ráo, thoáng mát. Không nên xây chuồng gà chung với chuồng gia súc, gia cầm khác. Nền chuồng được láng xi măng, đảm bảo thoát nước tốt và dễ làm vệ sinh tiêu độc. Mái chuồng có thể thiết kế 1 hoặc 2 mái, được lợp bằng ngói hoặc lá tranh đảm bảo chắc chắn và che mưa, che nắng tốt. Mái chuồng nên lợp qua vách chuồng khoảng 1 m để tránh mưa hắt làm ướt nền chuồng. Xung quanh chuồng xây tường lửng cao khoảng 40 cm, bên trên căng lưới thép hoặc làm bằng nan tre, đảm bảo độ thông thoáng tốt và có đủ ánh sáng tự nhiên chiếu vào trong chuồng. Xung quanh chuồng có hệ thống rèm che, có thể điều chỉnh linh hoạt để giữ ấm cho gà vào mùa đông và che nắng, che mưa khi cần thiết. Chuồng được ngăn thành nhiêu ô, tùy diện tích nhưng ít nhất nên ngăn thành 2 – 3 ô để dễ quản lý đàn gà nhất là gà sinh sản. Nên ngăn ô bằng lưới thép hoặc nan tre đảm bảo thông thoáng. Kích thước chuồng nuôi tùy thuộc vào số lượng gà. Cần đảm bảo về mật độ của từng hình thức nuôi như gà sinh sản hướng thịt 3 – 3,5 gà/m2 nền; Gà sinh sản hướng trứng 4,5 – 5 gà/m2 nền; Gà sinh sản thả vườn 4 – 4,5 gà/m2 nền; Gà thịt công nghiệp 8 – 10 gà/m2 nền; Gà thịt thả vườn 10 – 12 gà/m2 nền.
Ngoài ra, chuồng nuôi cần chuẩn bị kho để chứa thức ăn và dụng cụ chăn nuôi. Thiết kế hố sát trùng trước cửa chuồng. Có khu vực hố chứa chất thải, nước thải, khu vực xử lý gà bị bệnh, khu vực tiêu hủy… Xung quanh chuồng nuôi cách chuồng tối thiểu 5 m phải bằng phẳng, quang đãng, sạch sẽ, không bị đọng nước. Xung quanh khu vực chăn nuôi được xây tường bao hoặc rào kín không cho người và gia súc, gia cầm khác qua lại.
Không nuôi gà chung với các loại gia súc gia cầm khác trong cùng một chuồng. Trong một chuồng chỉ nên nuôi gà cùng một lứa tuổi để hạn chế dịch bệnh và dễ quản lý.
Link nguồn: https://www.tapchigiacam.vn/ky-thuat-xay-dung-chuong-trai-chan-nuoi-ga-nong-ho-nd4925.html#:~:text=Chu%E1%BB%93ng%20tr%E1%BA%A1i%20%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c%20x%C3%A2y%20d%E1%BB%B1ng,l%C3%A0m%20v%E1%BB%87%20sinh%20ti%C3%AAu%20%C4%91%E1%BB%99c.
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