NECROTIC ENTERITIS
113.. Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an acute Clostridium infection characterized by severe necroses of intestinal mucosa. The disease begins suddenly, with a sharp increase in death rate. A strong dehydration is observed. The skin is sticked on or adhered to body musculature and is hardly removed.
114.Chickens at the age of 25 weeks are usually affected, NE is also encountered in hens particularly near the period of the beginning of egg laying or peak egg laying, most commonly associated with coccidiosis. In acute cases, marked congestion of liver, responsible for its dark red to black appearance, is present.
115.The aetiological agent is Clostridium perfringens, mainly from type A and more rarely from type C. The produced a and p” toxins, from C. perfringens type A and type C respectively, are responsible for the necrosis of intestinal mucosa. The small intestine is often distended with gases and the necrotic mucosa is visible through the wall.
116.CI. perfringens is ubiquitous and normally reside into the intestinal tract. The alterations are particularly in the jejunum and the ileum because of their higher pH and the lower oxygen content in these areas. Sometimes, haemorrhages are seen through the intestinal wall.
117.The intestinal lumen is filled with brownish watery content, mixed with gas bubbles.
118.necrotic mucosa acquires a greyish-creamy or greenish appearance. Sometimes the mucosa has a flannelette blanket-like appearance.
119.120.In some cases, the mucosa has a linear pattern similar to the bark of a tree. The predisposing factors are injuries of intestinal mucosa by various Eimeria species, migration of ascarids, immuno-deficiency states due to CIA, IBD, MD, high content of wheat or fish meal in the diet.
121In cases when NE is associated with small intestinal coccidioses, multiple petechial haemorrhages could be perceived through the wall in different areas along the small intestine.
112.123.124.Throughout the simultaneous occurrence of NE and cocci-dioses, the content of the lumen is bloody, mixed with necrotic detritus and gas bubbles. The diagnosis is based on the distinctive gross lesions. When necessary, a histological investigation is performed or attempts for isolation of the causative agent. NE should be distinguished from ulcerative enteritis and some small intestinal cocci-dioses. The control should be aimed at predisposing factors. An appropriate medication of feeds is recommended. A good effect is obtained with oxytetra-cycline dihydrate (OTC 50% premix). NE could be effectively treated with doxy-cycline hydrochloride, amoxicillin etc.
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1
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Também tenho o seu livro marcado para ver coisas novas no seu blog.
webové stránky jsou opravdu pozoruhodné pro lidi zkušenosti, dobře,
nenarazili jste někdy na problémy s plagorismem nebo porušováním autorských práv? Moje webové stránky mají spoustu unikátního obsahu, který jsem vytvořil.
enten oprettet mig selv eller outsourcet, men det ser ud til
que eu mesmo criei ou terceirizei, mas parece que
enten oprettet mig selv eller outsourcet, men det ser ud til
Podem recomendar outros blogues/sites/fóruns que tratem dos mesmos temas?
at web, except I know I am getting familiarity all the time by reading thes pleasant posts.|Fantastic post. I will also be handling some of these problems.|Hello, I think this is a great blog. I happened onto it;) I have bookmarked it and will check it out again. The best way to change is via wealth and independence. May you prosper and never stop mentoring others.|I was overjoyed to find this website. I must express my gratitude for your time because this was an amazing read! I thoroughly enjoyed reading it, and I’ve bookmarked your blog so I can check out fresh content in the future.|Hi there! If I shared your blog with my Facebook group, would that be okay? I believe there are a lot of people who would truly value your article.|منشور رائع. سأتعامل مع بعض هذه|
que eu mesmo criei ou terceirizei, mas parece que
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fortsæt med at guide andre. Jeg var meget glad for at afdække dette websted. Jeg er nødt til at takke dig for din tid
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gruppe? Der er mange mennesker, som jeg tror virkelig ville
meget af det dukker op overalt på internettet uden min aftale.
) Vou voltar a visitá-lo uma vez que o marquei no livro. O dinheiro e a liberdade são a melhor forma de mudar, que sejas rico e continues a orientar os outros.
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