NGUYÊN NHÂN:
Bệnh do một số loài nấm ký sinh ở da và lông gây ra, trong điều kiện nóng ẩm của nước ta bệnh thường xảy ra ở bê, nghé dưới một năm tuổi. Các khuẩn ty và bào tử nấm xâm nhập vào da lông do gia súc tiếp xúc môi trường chuồng trại, bãi chăn thả, dụng cụ, thức ăn có mầm bệnh hoặc gia súc đang bị nhiễm nấm.
- Bệnh rất phổ biến
- Phương thức gây bệnh: Ký sinh
- Loài gây bệnh: Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum… (Phổ biến nhất: trichophyton verrucosum)
- Mùa: Quanh năm, tập trung mùa đông, xuân, thời tiết ấm, ẩm
- Xâm nhập, lây lan qua: Nuôi nhốt tập trung, thức ăn có mầm bệnh hoặc tiếp xúc trực tiếp với mầm bệnh
- Lứa tuổi mắc: mọi lứa tuổi. Hay gặp ở 5-6 tháng tuổi
TRIỆU CHỨNG:
Thể hiện ba dấu hiệu đặc trưng:
– Các mụn sùi loét trên da có phủ vảy vàng xám hoặc nâu sẫm, cạy vảy ra, phía dưới có loét đỏ. Các đám da sần sùi loét có thể tập trung từng đám hoặc riêng rẽ.
– Các đám da bị sần sùi, nhăn nheo, dầy cộm trên mặt da nhưng không bị lở loét, lông rụng từng đám.
– Trên da nổi các mụn cóc to nhỏ khác nhau bị sừng hoá sần sùi màu xám hoặc nâu nhạt rải rác ở hai bên sườn, mông, vai và thường gặp ở bê, nghé 6 – 12 tháng tuổi.
PHÒNG BỆNH:
– Tắm chải gia súc hàng ngày
– Chuồng trại khô ráo, tháng mát, có sân bãi chăn thả cho gia súc tắm nắng. Định kỳ sát trùng chuồng trại bằng Hankon WS, 15 ngày/lần.
– Thường xuyên kiểm tra phát hiện gia súc bệnh để cách ly điều trị.
ĐIỀU TRỊ:
– Phác đồ 1:
Dùng dịch ASA: Bôi 1-2 lần/ngày (không để bò liếm thuốc.) Tiêm kháng sinh khi: lở loét, chảy mủ, dịch màu vàng (Nhiễm khuẩn kế phát). Tiêm 4-5 ngày Penicillin (20.000 đơn vị/kg thể trọng) Kanamycin (20.000 đơn vị/kg thể trọng) Sử dụng thuốc bổ trợ uống hoặc tiêm vitamin A, D, C, E
– Phác đồ 2:
Dung dịch ASI (đã pha sẵn): axit salixylic (5%), iodua kali 10%, cồn Ethylic 350.
Sử dụng các bước tương tự phác đồ 1
– Phác đồ 3:
Dùng thuốc mỡ Gentrisone 20g (bán sẵn ngoài thị trường).
Cách dùng và sử dụng thuốc như phác đồ 1.
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