Bệnh lao ở bò rất nguy hiểm vì ngoài gây tổn thất kinh tế cho người chăn nuôi, nó còn có khả năng gây bệnh cho con người. Tham khảo bài dưới đây để biết thêm cách phòng tránh cũng như cách điều trị căn bệnh này.
Phương thức truyền lây
Các loài động vật máu nóng, máu lạnh, gia súc, thú rừng, người đều mắc bệnh. Có thể xếp thứ tự cảm nhiễm như sau: người, bò, gà, heo, chó, mèo, trâu. Mầm bệnh xâm nhập vào cơ thể theo các con đường sau:
Đường hô hấp: phổ biến nhất là ở bò và người, mầm bệnh từ cơ thể bệnh bài xuất ra ngoài qua đường hô hấp hay qua phân, mầm bệnh có trong không khí, gia súc khỏe hít vào mắc bệnh.
Đường tiêu hóa: thông thường qua bú sữa, thức ăn, nước uống có mầm bệnh.
Ngoài ra có khi lây lan qua núm nhau, đường sinh dục, đường phối giống.
Triệu chứng
Lao phổi: Vi trùng lao xâm nhập và cư trú ở cuống phổi, thanh – khí quản làm cho con vật thường ho khan, ho từng cơn và có nhiều đờm dãi bật ra nhưng đờm thường nằm trong miệng nên bò lại nuốt vào và thường ho vào sáng sớm và chiều tối hay khi thời tiết lạnh. Bò gầy, lông xơ xác, dựng đứng, ăn kém, nhai lại không đều, sốt nhẹ, lúc sốt lúc không.
Lao ruột: Biểu hiện chủ yếu ở đường tiêu hóa là ỉa chảy dai dẳng, phân tanh khắm, hết đợt ỉa chảy thì bò lại bị táo bón và bò cũng sẽ gầy dần.
Lao vú: Bầu vú và núm vú bị biến dạng, sờ vào thấy hạt lao lổn nhổn, chùm hạch vú sưng to, cứng và nổi cục, lượng sữa giảm.
Lao hạch: Hạch sưng, cứng, sờ thấy lổn nhổn, to bằng quả trứng gà, hạch không đau và không dính vào da, cắt hạch ra thấy có nhiều bã đậu. Các hạch hay bị lao là hạch dưới hàm, hạch hầu, hạch tuyến dưới tai, hạch trước đùi và hạch trước vai.
Hình ảnh căn bệnh lao ở bò
Phòng bệnh
Không tiến hành điều trị cho gia súc bị bệnh lao mà phải loại thải chúng vì mầm bệnh lây cho người.
Không dùng vaccin cho trâu bò để phòng bệnh lao vì rất khó khăn để chẩn đoán bệnh.
Các biện pháp thực hiện đối với trại chăn nuôi trâu bò
Kiểm tra thường xuyên các đàn thú nuôi trong đàn bằng phản ứng quá mẫn muộn với Tuberculin mỗi năm 2 lần vào mùa khô và mùa mưa.
Đối với những thú mới chuẩn bị nhập đàn thì phải nhốt riêng và trong vòng 15 ngày phải kiểm tra với Tuberculin, nếu dương tính thì loại ra, âm tính thì mới cho nhập đàn.
Định kỳ kiểm tra bệnh lao cho công nhân trong trại chăn nuôi, vì bệnh lao có thể lây qua từ bò cho người và ngược lại.
Đàn thú bệnh thì phải cách ly và phải được giết chậm nhất trong vòng 1 tháng sau đó. Sau khi giết phải tiến hành tiêu độc, sát trùng chuồng trại.
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English
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