Chướng hơi dạ cỏ là bệnh thường gặp ở gia súc có dạ dày kép như bò, trâu, dê. Bệnh xảy ra nhiều vào đầu mùa mưa, làm gia súc bị chết do dạ cỏ chướng to, chèn ép tim và phổi dẫn đến cản trở tuần hoàn, hô hấp.
1. Nguyên nhân
Do gia súc ăn nhiều cỏ non hoặc cây họ đậu, thức ăn nhiều chất nhày như rau lang, rau muống non… đã lên men sinh hơi nhanh, gia súc không kịp thoát hơi gây chướng căng dạ cỏ. Đặc biệt, vào mùa khô, gia súc ăn nhiều thức ăn khô như rơm, cỏ khô, nên hệ vi sinh vật dạ cỏ thích nghi với tiêu hóa nhiều thức ăn khô, đến đầu mùa mưa, gia súc ăn nhiều cỏ non đột ngột sẽ gây bệnh.
Có thể kế phát từ bệnh liệt dạ cỏ, bội thực, tắc thực quản, viêm họng làm gia súc không ợ hơi được, viêm màng bụng…
2. Triệu chứng
Bệnh xảy ra rất nhanh, gia súc khó chịu, bồn chồn, bụng chướng căng, mất hõm hông bên trái, có thể cao hơn cột sống. Gõ vào bụng có âm trống.
Gia súc hay quay đầu về phía sau, có cảm giác đau đớn.
Gia súc thở rất khó, dạng hai chân trước, hô hấp tăng, tim đập nhanh, tĩnh mạnh cổ phồng to, niêm mạc mắt, mũi, hậu môn xung huyết, sau đó tím bầm.
3. Điều trị
Trước tiên, cho gia súc nhịn ăn, đứng 2 chân trước lên cao hoặc đi lên dốc để dạ cỏ không chèn ép phổi và tim.
Sau đó, cho gia súc uống 1 trong các loại dung dịch:
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Đồng thời, xoa bóp vùng dạ cỏ để kích thích ợ hơi. Có thể giã gừng tẩm vào rơm, vải thô, chà sát liên tục 30 – 60 phút ở hông bên trái. Làm như vậy nhiều lần nhằm tăng nhu động dạ cỏ.
Nắm lưỡi gia súc kéo nhịp nhàng lệch về một bên nhiều lần để kích thích ợ hơi.
Có thể dùng ống mềm (bằng cao su hoặc nhựa mềm) thông qua thực quản vào dạ cỏ, đồng thời dùng tay ấn mạnh vào hõm hông trái để hơi thoát ra ngoài. Moi phân ở trực tràng ra để thoát hơi.
Tăng cường nhu động dạ cỏ bằng cách tiêm Pilocarpine (đối với bệnh chướng hơi kế phát sau bệnh liệt dạ cỏ); tiêm thuốc trợ sức, trợ lực, liều theo hướng dẫn của hãng thuốc.
* Nếu dùng các biện pháp trên không hiệu quả, dạ cỏ vẫn chướng căng, nguy hiểm đến tính mạng gia súc thì phải cấp cứu bằng cách chọc troca.
– Sát trùng vị trí giữa hõm hông trái của gia súc, chọc mạnh troca qua thành bụng, rút lõi từ từ, bịt đầu thoát của troca để hơi thoát từ từ, nếu cho hơi thoát nhanh thì áp lực máu ở não bị giảm đột ngột, gia súc bị sốc có thể chết.
– Giữ troca cho hơi ra hết, để gia súc khỏe lại, khi rút troca phải cho lõi vào, để thức ăn không tiếp xúc vết thương gây viêm phúc mạc.
– Dùng một trong các loại kháng sinh sau để chống nhiễm trùng như Gentamycin, Ampicillin, Penicillin, Cefamicin tiêm hoặc bơm thẳng vào dạ cỏ. Liều dùng theo hướng dẫn sử dụng của hãng thuốc.
4. Phòng bệnh
Không cho gia súc ăn quá nhiều cỏ non hoặc cây họ đậu, thức ăn nhiều chất nhày như rau lang, rau muống non, thức ăn dễ lên men, sinh hơi khác.
Khi thay đổi thức ăn nên thay đổi từ từ để gia súc kịp thích nghi, không bị rối loạn tiêu hóa.
Khi gia súc mắc bệnh liệt dạ cỏ, bội thực, tắc thực quản, viêm họng làm gia súc không ợ hơi được, viêm màng bụng… cần kịp thời điều trị để tránh kế phát bệnh chướng hơi dạ cỏ.
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